Meta’s huge guess on digital actuality ended final week, with the corporate reportedly shedding roughly 1,500 employees from its Actuality Labs division — about 10% of the unit’s workers — and shutting down a number of VR sport studios, in response to The Wall Road Journal. It’s an enormous reversal for an organization that, simply 4 years in the past, staked its complete identification on the idea.
Few are going to overlook it.
As trade watchers may keep in mind, Fb rebranded itself as Meta in 2021, promising to usher in a brand new period of know-how led by VR gadgets.
Partly, the choice was a guess on Gen Z’s choice to socialize in on-line video games like Fortnite and Roblox versus conventional social media apps. The change additionally helped Meta distance itself from the negativity surrounding its Fb model. Through the years, the model had been broken by knowledge privateness scandals like Cambridge Analytica; stories from Fb whistleblower Frances Haugen, who shared paperwork indicating Fb knew of its adverse impacts on kids and teenagers; Congressional hearings over Fb’s digital surveillance; its position within the spread of misinformation; its monopolistic practices, and extra.
Meta’s imaginative and prescient on the time was that the metaverse could be the following massive social platform, the place customers linked in a digital world by way of Meta’s Horizon Worlds app and performed video games on their VR headsets.
Quick-forward, and the metaverse has successfully been deserted in favor of AI.
Based on CNBC, a few of the casualties embrace studios making VR titles inside Meta, like Armature Studio (“Resident Evil 4 VR“), Twisted Pixel (“Marvel’s Deadpool VR“), and Sanzaru (“Asgard’s Wrath). In the meantime, the VR health app Supernatural, which Meta acquired in 2023 for $400 million, will now not produce new content material and can transfer into “upkeep mode.” Camouflaj, the studio behind the “Batman: Arkham Shadow” VR sport, has additionally been impacted by layoffs, as reported by GeekWire.
And final week, The Verge famous that Meta’s program to convey VR to work, Workrooms, is shutting down, as nicely.
The information follows an earlier Bloomberg report from December, which stated that Meta was slashing the digital actuality division’s finances by as much as 30%. Across the identical time, Meta introduced that it was pausing its program to share its Meta Horizon working system, which runs on its Quest-branded VR headsets, with different third-party headset system makers.
Not like the information of Meta’s rebrand, the deprioritization of the corporate’s metaverse efforts ought to come as no shock — the division lost cash at an extreme charge, worrying investors, and had by no means turned a revenue.
In complete, the corporate had funneled some $73 billion into Actuality Labs. To place that into context, you’d need to spend $1 million per day for 200 years to match that form of spending.
“Constructing within the open” fails
Moreover being overhyped by traders and analysts alike, preliminary variations of the metaverse have been simply unhealthy merchandise. The goofy, soulless avatars didn’t even have legs, and one metaverse selfie of Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg was so bad it even became a viral meme. In brief, Meta was overpromising a future whereas its product nonetheless under-delivered. It was a failure of the “construct within the open” mannequin, the place early tech merchandise are shipped to customers in hopes of getting suggestions that can be utilized to iterate.
That mannequin works when clients are actively fascinated about a know-how. However within the case of the metaverse, there was solely middling client demand. Although Meta shortly gained a majority share of the VR market with its Oculus headsets, the headsets noticed declining gross sales. Final spring, Counterpoint Research noted that world VR headset shipments had fallen by 12% year-over-year in 2024, which was their third consecutive 12 months of declines. Meta had accounted for 77% of these 2024 headset shipments.
Meta, betting on the “if you happen to construct it, they may come” technique, was extra within the earnings that might be created from working its personal platform for apps and video games than whether or not or not customers even needed these so-called face computer systems.
Particularly, Zuckerberg was on the lookout for a approach to bypass the power of Apple and Google to faucet into Meta’s income via their app shops.
“This era has…been humbling, as a result of as massive of an organization as we’re, we’ve additionally discovered what it’s prefer to construct for different platforms. And dwelling underneath their guidelines has profoundly formed my views on the tech trade,” Zuckerberg said in a keynote speech on the firm’s Fb Join 2021 occasion, referencing the Apple-Google duopoly. “I’ve come to imagine that the dearth of alternative and excessive charges are stifling innovation, stopping individuals from constructing new issues, and holding again the whole web economic system.”
He proposed that the metaverse may develop to a billion individuals within the subsequent decade, internet hosting “lots of of billions” of {dollars} in digital commerce. Analysts like McKinsey & Co. and funding financial institution Citi backed up this questionable forecast with their very own heady estimates of the metaverse turning into a multi-trillion-dollar platform by 2030.
Meta might have had greenback indicators in its eyes, however the apps constructed for the metaverse weren’t being adopted in large numbers, at the least for an organization of Meta’s measurement.
Although there’s no exterior visibility into Meta’s own VR app store, you may have a look at Meta’s apps with iOS and Android counterparts as a proxy for adoption. Based on modeled estimates from app intelligence supplier Apptopia, the Meta Horizon app has been downloaded 60.4 million occasions globally and 39.8 million occasions within the U.S. since Could 2018. A greater estimate for adoption, nonetheless, is its app exercise.
From a U.S. panel, Apptopia has figures for the typical periods per each day lively person within the U.S., which grew from 3.49 in January 2023 to 4.93 in January 2026. Whereas that’s nonetheless a high-water mark for the app, it might not have been sufficient for Meta.
For comparability, outdoors of VR, Meta now has over 3.5 billion each day lively customers throughout its social apps Fb, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Messenger.
In fact, had this all succeeded, Meta would have created a brand new social empire, constructed on the again of VR gaming — not not like Fb’s early days as a social community, when partners like Zynga — whose video games included Farmville, and Phrases with Mates — drove double-digit revenue streams for Fb. (In the end, Fb’s 30% reduce of digital items gross sales, mixed with restrictive platform insurance policies, drove Zynga to launch its personal gaming portal and pivot to cell.)
However this time, Zuckerberg telegraphed his need to faucet into developer income far too quickly. Meta may need had a greater shot at attracting builders to construct for VR if it promised to undercut Apple or Google’s commonplace 30% charges, or these of different gaming platforms. As a substitute, Meta did the other: it charged extra.
Even earlier than VR turned a large platform value investing in, Meta introduced its plans to take a whopping 47.5% of the sales of digital assets inside Horizon Worlds, consisting of a 30% {hardware} platform price and one other 17.5% price for Horizon Worlds itself. Creators, unsurprisingly, were not happy.
As unhealthy, Meta wasn’t constructing the metaverse with person security as a prime precedence. As with its rush to scale its social community, the corporate tended to be reactive slightly than proactive about security options. As an illustration, the corporate solely rolled out its “Personal Boundary” feature, which put a buffer between avatars, after stories that customers have been experiencing sexual harassment within the metaverse. In some instances, customers had even engaged in virtual rape and gang rape in Meta’s Horizon Worlds. Meta later dialed back the safety feature a bit by adjusting the Private Boundary to solely default to “on” when a person is participating with “non-friends” within the metaverse and permitting customers to modify it off completely.
In Could 2022, TechCrunch requested a Meta rep to element its help measures for Horizon Worlds. The corporate described a number of instruments, together with blocking and reporting options, a “secure zone” button for customers to immediately block and mute others, and a function to briefly take away disruptive individuals from venues that was inbuilt response to person suggestions. Regardless of outlining these instruments, Meta declined to say what kind of actions it might take to handle particular person unhealthy actors’ habits.
On the time, customers instructed TechCrunch that those that confronted abuse within the metaverse would typically react with an apparent transfer: as an alternative of recording the abuse, they’d take off their headset and take a break from VR. However after they returned, their harasser would nonetheless seem of their record of latest encounters, and it was too late to submit a report of the abuse with the video and audio hooked up.
A majority of these situations have been seemingly not thought via from the beginning, and detailed insurance policies round what constitutes abuse didn’t exist. When a metaverse code of conduct was later revealed, it nonetheless didn’t element any penalties past saying Meta would “take motion on customers.”
Additionally round this time, Meta declined to share the make-up of its group constructing the metaverse with TechCrunch. (But when we needed to guess, we’d guess there weren’t as many ladies on the undertaking as males. This might reflect the makeup of Meta overall, so it’s not a nasty guess!)
AR, combined actuality, and AI proved extra widespread
One other nail within the proverbial coffin for the metaverse was the success of Meta’s Ray-Ban AR glasses, which have seen elevated client curiosity in latest months. With features like the power to record hands-free, stream music, and chat with Meta AI, the glasses started to outsell traditional Ray-Bans in some retail shops in 2024. The corporate is now contemplating doubling the output of the glasses to fulfill client demand, Bloomberg reported this week.
With an eye fixed on AI, the corporate extra not too long ago introduced Ray-Ban Display last year, that are comparable sensible glasses that additionally embrace a show for apps, alerts, and instructions on the correct lens. The corporate has since paused its worldwide plans for this product, citing “unprecedented demand.” (Or slightly, overly conservative stock forecasting.)
With different firms, together with OpenAI, Amazon, and varied startups, trying to {hardware} AI gadgets as the following potential computing platform, VR appears much more of a dated relic of a imaginative and prescient for the online that by no means got here to cross.
Mixed, these elements, and significantly the adoption of AI as a possible app platform, make it laborious for Meta to proceed to justify spending on VR. As a substitute, Meta will concentrate on the merchandise which have potential, like its Ray Ban and AI glasses, AI app’s growth, and large language models.
